Table 2.

Change in CD4 Count Over 5 Years After ART Initiation by Sex and HCV Status, Kaiser Permanente California, 1996–2011

	Increase in CD4 cells/μL per year in year 1		Increase in CD4 cells/μL per year in years 2–5
	Unadjusted	Adjusted	Unadjusted	Adjusted
HIV-mono-infected women	145 (129–161)	145 (129–161)	30 (22–39)	31 (23–39)
HIV/HCV-co-infected women	75 (33–118)	76 (33–118)	27 (9–45)	28 (10–46)
HIV-mono-infected men	120 (115–125)	120 (115–125)	22 (19–24)	22 (20–25)
HIV/HCV-co-infected men	70 (56–83)	69 (56–83)	23 (16–29)	24 (17–30)
p Value	<0.001	<0.001	0.21	0.22

ART, antiretroviral therapy; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus. Data are given as mean CD4 increases (95% confidence intervals) derived from linear regression models using generalized estimating equations and allowing for a change in slope at 1 year. Unadjusted models included variables for time, sex, HCV status, and corresponding interaction terms. Adjusted models additionally included variables for age, race/ethnicity, calendar era, Kaiser Permanente region, prior ART use, HIV-transmission risk factor, years known to be HIV-infected, drug abuse, alcohol abuse, smoking, and baseline HIV RNA level.