Table 1.
Participant characteristics stratified by type 1 diabetes (T1D) status
| Variables | Adolescents | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| T1D N=239 |
Non-diabetic N=75 |
||
| Age (years) | 15±2 | 15±2 | 0.88 |
| Sex (female) | 49% | 53% | 0.52 |
| Duration (years) | 8.8±3.0 | -- | -- |
| Weight (kg) | 63±14 | 60±15 | 0.11 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.8±3.8 | 21.8±4.2 | 0.04 |
| BMI z-score | 0.61±0.76 | 0.29±1.02 | 0.004 |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.0±1.6 | 5.3±0.3 | <0.0001 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 185±84 | 83±7 | <0.0001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) [Zappitelli] | 120±22 | 112±16 | 0.0006 |
| ACRa (mg/g) | 7.3 (4.3–12.7) | 7.9 (4.2–19.9) | 0.18 |
| SUA (mg/dL) | 4.6±0.8 | 5.0±1.0 | <0.0001 |
| Urine pH | 6.2±0.8 | 6.5±1.0 | 0.01 |
| UUA (mg/dL) | 37.7±18.6 | 32.8±18.1 | 0.049 |
| FeUAa (%) | 6.2 (4.3–8.7) | 5.2 (3.6–7.0) | 0.02 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 113±9 | 109±9 | <0.0001 |
| SBP (percentile) | 57±23 | 43±23 | <0.0001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 68±7 | 64±6 | <0.0001 |
| DBP (percentile) | 59±21 | 45±20 | <0.0001 |
All data presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) unless otherwise specified.
a
Median and interquartile range (IQR).
BMI = body mass index, HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate, ACR = albumin-to-creatinine ratio, SUA = serum uric acid, UUA = urine uric acid, FeUA = fractional excretion of uric acid, SBP = systolic blood pressure, DBP = diastolic blood pressure