Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants across sex and age

	Women N=183	Men N=105	Group Comparison		Middle-Age N=161	Older-Age N=127	Group Comparison
	M or % (SD)	M or % (SD)	p	d	M or % (SD)	M or % (SD)	p	d
Age	56.8(7.8)	56.5(7.2)	.69	.05	51.1(3.3)	63.9(5.2)	<.001	2.89
Sex							.82
Female	63.5				64.0	62.7
Male		36.5			36.0	37.3
Race			1.00				<.001
White/Caucasian	42.9	42.9			29.2	60.6
Black/African-American	57.1	57.1			70.8	39.4
Income ($)			.20				.27
≤20,000	29.2	47.1			39.9	30.4
20,000–39,999	34.8	18.3			25.3	33.6
40,000–59,999	15.2	12.5			13.3	15.2
≥60,000	20.8	22.1			21.5	20.8
Education			.02				.02
≤High School degree	41.2	57.2			52.2	40.9
2-year college degree	24.2	19.0			20.5	24.4
4-year college degree	19.8	14.3			19.3	15.7
Graduate degree	14.8	9.5			8.0	19.0
BMI	32.7(8.1)	30.9(6.8)	.06	.24	32.7(8.4)	31.3(6.4)	.13	.18
Marital Status			.80				.01
Married	37.4	48.6			39.2	44.9
Not Married	60.4	50.4			58.9	53.5
Other	2.2	1.0			1.9	1.6
Employment			.01				<.001
Employed	55.3	32.2			56.3	35.4
Other	2.8	4.8			1.9	5.5
GCPS			.72				<.001
Grade 0	0.0	2.0			0.6	0.8
Grade 1	38.9	41.1			29.9	52.4
Grade 2	27.8	16.7			24.9	22.2
Grade 3	17.2	19.6			22.9	11.9
Grade 4	16.1	20.6			21.7	12.7

Note. BMI=Body Mass Index; GCPS=Graded Chronic Pain Scale.