Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Variables
| Variable | CON (n=43) | DEP (n=53) | UNI (n=25) | BIP (n=28) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean, years) | 40.2 (11.7) | 37.5 (12.2) | 38.8 (12.8) | 36.4 (11.7) | n.s.a,b |
| Gender (% female) | 53% | 55% | 44% | 64% | n.s.c |
| Race (% Caucasian) | 47% | 57% | 48% | 64% | n.s. |
| Smoke (% yes) | 33% | 25% | 24% | 25% | n.s. |
| Employment (% employed) | 79% | 40% | 44% | 36% | 0.0001 |
| Education (mean, yrs) | 14.7 (2.2) | 15.0 (2.4) | 14.6 (2.5) | 15.4 (2.2) | n.s. |
| Parental Education (mean, yrs) | 13.8 (2.6) | 14.2 (2.8) | 13.5 (2.7) | 14.8 (2.8) | n.s |
| Atypical Antipsychotics (%using)d | 0% | 28% | 8% | 46% | 0.002e |
| Lithium (% using) | 0% | 25% | 8% | 39% | 0.01 |
| Benzodiazepines (% using) | 0% | 25% | 20% | 29% | n.s. |
| Anticonvulsants (% using) | 0% | 23% | 4% | 39% | 0.001 |
| Antidepressants (% using) | 0% | 40% | 60% | 21% | 0.006 |
| Beck Depression Inventory (mean, total) | 2.5 (4.7) | 23.9 (8.5) | 25.2 (8.6) | 22.4 (8.4) | <0.001 |
a
2-tailed p-values, comparing control(CON) and depressed (DEP) groups. Unipolar (UNI) and bipolar (BIP) subgroups differed only in medication use.
b
Student’s t test used to compare group means for dimensional variables
c
Fisher’s Exact Test was used to compare proportions for categorical variables
d
No typical antipsychotics were in use
e
For medication use variables, p-values reflect UNI vs. BIP comparison with Fisher’s Exact Test