Table 1.
Socio-demographic and other characteristics according to cigarette smoking status among grade 9 high school students, Tirgu Mures, Romania, 2014
| Total n = 1835 |
Never smokers n = 859 |
Non-current smokers n = 534 |
Current smokers n = 442 |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 14.9 (0.5) | 14.9 (0.5) | 14.9 (0.5) | 15.0 (0.6) | 0.003 |
| Male (%) | 46.5 | 45.9 | 49.8 | 43.9 | 0.157 |
| Family size ≤4 (%) | 78.1 | 77.9 | 77.0 | 79.9 | 0.541 |
| Ethnicity (%) | |||||
| Romanian | 55.1 | 56.0 | 53.9 | 55.0 | 0.845 |
| Hungarian | 42.1 | 41.4 | 43.4 | 41.6 | |
| Other | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 3.4 | |
| General high school (%) | 30.0 | 36.4 | 29.6 | 18.1 | <0.001 |
| Household smoking (%) | 59.9 | 49.4 | 63.7 | 75.8 | <0.001 |
| ≥50 % of friends smoke (%) | 32.3 | 15.0 | 33.7 | 64.3 | <0.001 |
| At least one close friend smokes# (%) | 58.6 | 39.6 | 64.4 | 88.5 | <0.001 |
| E-cigarette (%) | 38.5 | 8.0 | 57.7 | 74.4 | <0.001 |
| Cigar (%) | 31.4 | 1.2 | 51.4 | 66.1 | <0.001 |
| Pipe (%) | 6.8 | 0.9 | 6.7 | 18.1 | <0.001 |
| Waterpipe (%) | 21.1 | 7.7 | 24.9 | 42.8 | <0.001 |
| Chewing tobacco (%) | 1.6 | 0.1 | 1.9 | 4.1 | <0.001 |
| Snus/other oral tobacco product (%) | 3.9 | 0.1 | 4.7 | 10.4 | <0.001 |
| Snuff (%) | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 3.6 | <0.001 |
| Any smokeless tobacco product (%) | 5.4 | 0.5 | 6.9 | 13.3 | <0.001 |
| Sensation-seeking, mean (SD) | 26.3 (6.47) | 24.3a (6.12) | 27.2b (6.10) | 29.0c (6.34) | <0.001 |
| Depressive symptoms, mean (SD) | 15.04 (9.78) | 13.2a (8.75) | 15.2b (9.80) | 18.3c (10.72) | <0.001 |
| Decisional balance## | |||||
| Negative consequences, mean (SD) | 3.93 (0.97) | 4.11a (0.91) | 3.98b (0.96) | 3.54c (0.99) | <0.001 |
| Coping–reinforcement, mean (SD) | 1.83 (0.88) | 1.55a (0.71) | 1.75a (0.81) | 2.46a (0.95) | <0.001 |
| Social benefits, mean (SD) | 1.55 (0.64) | 1.45a (0.57) | 1.51a (0.58) | 1.79b (0.74) | <0.001 |
#
The range of number of closest friends is between 0 and 3
##
Based on a three-factor model (Plummer et al. 2001), and the means of items are provided here
a, b, c, d
Means sharing a common superscript are not statistically different at p < 0.05 according to Games–Howell post hoc test