Table 3.
Results showing unadjusted and adjusted associations between past year PTSD symptom clusters with NMOU, frequency of NMOU, and opioid use disorders with sex interactions
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NMOU | Opioid Use Disorder |
Frequency of NMOU |
NMOU | Opioid Use Disorder |
Frequency of NMOU |
|
| Main effects with interactions |
Main effects with interactions |
Main effects with interactions |
Main effects with interactions |
Main effects with interactions |
Main effects with interactions |
|
| Arousal/reactivity | 0.20* | 0.33** | 1.37*** | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.12 |
| Avoidance | 0.28** | 0.21*** | 0.35** | 0.21* | 0.13** | 0.66** |
| Intrusion | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.40** | −0.00 | −0.06 | 0.07 |
| Negative cognitions/mood |
−0.09 | 0.44*** | −0.28*** | −0.10 | 0.42*** | −0.38*** |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Male | 0.02 | −1.29*** | 2.11*** | −0.35 | −2.67*** | −0.20 |
| Sex x A/R | 0.39*** | NS | NS | 0.62*** | 0.68** | 1.14*** |
| Sex x AV | −0.28* | 0.59* | NS | −0.36* | 0.58* | −1.05*** |
| Sex x IN | NS | NS | −1.16*** | NS | NS | NS |
| Sex x NC/M | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Age | --- | --- | --- | −0.07*** | −0.08*** | −0.10*** |
| Education | ||||||
| <HS/GED | --- | --- | --- | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| HS/GED+ | 0.26 | −0.27 | −0.53 | |||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| White/Cau | --- | --- | --- | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Black/AA | −0.37* | −0.91*** | −0.36*** | |||
| Hispanic | −0.38*** | −1.32*** | 0.38** | |||
| Other | −0.21 | −0.73 | −1.34* | |||
| Pain | --- | --- | --- | |||
| No pain | Ref. | Ref. | Ref.. | |||
| Pain | --- | --- | --- | 1.15*** | 1.24*** | 1.50*** |
| Medical Conditions. |
||||||
| Absent | --- | --- | --- | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Present | 0.58*** | 0.68*** | 1.38*** | |||
Note. A/R = arousal/reactivity; AV = avoidance; IN = intrusion; NC/M = negative cognitions/mood; AA = african american. All estimates accounted for the survey design and selected for those with a past year PTSD diagnosis. The symptom cluster variables were standardized prior to analyses. Unadjusted estimates were adjusted for all PTSD symptom clusters and adjusted estimates included all PTSD symptom clusters and covariates. Results for NMOU and Opioid Use Disorder are based on logistic regression, while results for average monthly frequency of NMOU are based on generalized linear model with a negative binomial distribution.
p < .05.
p < .01.
p < .001.