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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 14.
Published in final edited form as: J Invest Dermatol. 2015 Dec 14;136(3):658–664. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2015.12.006

Figure 1. IFN-γ blocks staphylococcal alpha toxin induced keratinocyte death.

Figure 1

(a) Primary human keratinocytes were cultured in the presence of media, IFN-γ, IFN-α, IL-17, IL-22, IL-4/IL-13 or IL-25 for 24 hours. 100 ng/ml of alpha toxin was then added, and cell death was measured by LDH release. (b) Keratinocytes were incubated with the indicated concentrations of IFN-γ for 24 hours and then 100 ng/ml alpha toxin was added or (c) cells were harvested and analyzed for expression of phospho-STAT1. Data (a and b) are mean ± SEM, n = 3. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001 (as compared to the cells grown in medium without cytokines).