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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 14.
Published in final edited form as: J Invest Dermatol. 2015 Dec 14;136(3):658–664. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2015.12.006

Figure 5. IFN-γ augments alpha toxin induced autophagy by increasing LC3 levels and modulating LC3 localization.

Figure 5

Primary keratinocytes were treated with media or the indicated cytokines for 24 hrs. The indicated cells were then treated with 100 ng/ml alpha toxin for an additional 2 hours. (a) Cells were harvested and levels of the autophagy marker, LC3, were determined by Western blot. (b) Quantitation of LC3 protein levels after pre-treatment with the indicated cytokines followed by further treatment with media or alpha toxin. (c) Immuno-fluorescence microscopy of LC3 protein. Scale bar = 50 μm. Increases in LC3 (b) are mean ± SEM, n = 3. **P<0.01; ***P<0.001 (as compared to the cells grown in medium alone).