Table 3.

NR3C1 Promoter Methylation and Maternal Smoking in relation to Infant Neurobehavior over the First Postnatal Month, measured by the NICUNetwork Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS)

	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
Predictors	B	SE	P	B	SE	P	β	SE	P
Lethargya,e
Intercept	2.406	0.163	<.001	2.480	0.169	<.001	2.569	0.168	<.001
Feeding Timee,f	-0.069	0.028	.015	-0.067	0.028	.018	-0.050	0.028	.079
Infant Agee,g	-0.109	0.018	<.001	-0.107	0.017	<.001	-0.107	0.018	<.001
ETSh	0.004	0.002	.021	0.002	0.002	.213	-	-	-
Maternal Smoking	0.154	0.056	.007	0.159	0.059	.007	-	-	-
NR3C1 CpG 3	-	-	-	-0.039	0.019	.037	-0.055	0.018	.002
NR3C1 CpG 4	-	-	-	0.000	0.025	.990	-0.027	0.024	.264
Attentionb
Intercept	2.843	0.608	<.001	2.607	0.63	<.001	2.000	0.646	.002
Feeding Timee,f	0.311	0.104	.003	0.303	0.104	.004	0.271	0.108	.013
Infant Agee,g	0.283	0.065	<.001	0.281	0.065	<.001	0.295	0.068	<.001
ETSh	-0.012	0.006	.044	-0.009	0.006	.149	-	-	-
Maternal Smoking	-0.798	0.210	<.001	-0.776	0.227	.001	-	-	-
NR3C1 CpG 3	-	-	-	0.093	0.070	.185	0.149	0.069	.031
NR3C1 CpG 4	-	-	-	0.047	0.091	.603	0.193	0.088	.030
Self Regulationb
Intercept	4.897	0.339	<.001	4.724	0.354	<.001	4.397	0.335	<.001
Feeding Timee,f	0.065	0.057	.253	0.054	0.057	.338	0.059	0.057	.301
Infant Agee,g	0.096	0.035	.007	0.091	0.035	.009	0.089	0.035	.012
Breast-feeding	-0.351	0.109	.001	-0.351	0.119	.003	-	-	-
Maternal Smoking	-0.181	0.103	.082	-0.115	0.115	.318	-	-	-
NR3C1 CpG 3	-	-	-	0.101	0.037	.007	0.079	0.037	.033
NR3C1 CpG 4	-	-	-	0.015	0.055	.790	0.072	0.048	.138
Handlingd, e
Intercept	1.085	0.274	<.001	1.158	0.284	<.001	1.253	0.278	<.001
Feeding Timee,f	0.042	0.046	.367	0.037	0.046	.422	0.038	0.046	.403
Infant Agee,g	-0.028	0.030	.353	-0.027	0.030	.375	-0.027	0.030	.375
Maternal Smoking	0.153	0.076	.045	0.112	0.084	.182	-	-	-
NR3C1 CpG 3	-	-	-	0.019	0.027	.491	0.015	0.027	.573
NR3C1 CpG 4	-	-	-	-0.061	0.043	.158	-0.083	0.040	.038

Note. Model 1 includes Maternal Smoking and relevant covariates but not NR3C1 methylation. Model 2 includes NR3C1 methylation, Maternal Smoking, and relevant covariates. Model 3 includes NR3C1 methylation but not Maternal Smoking. B's represent values when all variables in each model are entered simultaneously.

^aNICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) Lethargy is a measure of infant lethargic behavior or low levels of motor, state and physiologic reactivity.

^bNNNS Attention is a measure of orientation to animate and inanimate auditory and visual stimuli.

^cNNNS Self-Regulation measures the infant's capacity to organize activity, physiology, and state and response to positive and negative stimuli

^dNNNS Handling is a measure of need for intervention from the NNNS examiner to soothe the infant and assist the infant in maintaining a quiet, alert state.

^eNatural log transformed.

^fTime since Feeding: measured in minutes.

^gInfant Age: measured in hours.

^hMaternal Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS): hours of maternal perinatal ETS exposure per week measured by structured interview.