Table 3.
Factors associated with weapon involvement among full sample, white, African American, and Latino adolescentsa,b
| Characteristic | Adjusted Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Intervals) of Weapon Involvement | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full sample (n=11207 ) | White (n=6198 ) | African American (n=2368 ) | Latino (n=2048) | |
| Sociodemographic Factors | ||||
| Male sex | 3.3 (2.6,4.2) | 4.4 (3.0,6.3) | 1.7 (1.2,4.4) | 3.6 (2.0,6.3) |
| Mean age, years | 0.8 (0.7,0.9) | 0.8 (0.7,0.9) | 0.9 (0.8,0.9) | 0.8 (0.7,0.9) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White | Reference | -- | -- | -- |
| African-American | 1.5 (1.2,2.1) | -- | -- | -- |
| Latino | 1.2 (0.9,1.8) | -- | -- | -- |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.5 (0.1,4.2) | -- | -- | -- |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 1.7 (0.7,3.7) | -- | -- | -- |
| Other | 1.2 (0.2,9.0) | -- | -- | -- |
| Two-parent household | 0.8 (0.4,1.4) | 0.9 (0.7,1.4) | 0.9 (0.6,1.4) | 0.7 (0.6,1.3) |
| Public assistance | 1.0 (0.6,1.8) | 1.0 (0.9,1.6) | 1.0 (0.7,1.6) | 0.6 (0.3,1.1) |
| Immigrant generation | ||||
| 1st generation | 0.5 (0.3,1.0) | 0.3 (0.3,5.9) | 0.5 (0.2,6.7) | 0.2 (0.1,0.7) |
| 2nd generation | 1.4 (1.2,1.7) | 1.2 (0.9,1.5) | 1.3 (0.9,1.7) | 1.5 (0.9,2.5) |
| 3rd generation | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Individual Risk Factors | ||||
| Wave 1 weapon involvement | 5.4 (4.2,6.9) | 5.6 (4.0,7.9) | 4.2 (2.7,6.6) | 6.1 (3.2,11.8) |
| Violence exposure | 1.9 (1.5,2.3) | 2.0 (1.4,2.8) | 2.0 (1.4,2.8) | 1.5 (0.8,2.8) |
| Emotional distress | 1.5 (1.2,1.9) | 1.4 (1.02,2.0) | 1.7 (1.1,2.6) | 2.0 (1.1,3.8) |
| Alcohol use | 1.4 (1.2,1.8) | 1.3 (1.0,1.8) | 1.4 (1.0,2.0) | 1.6 (0.9,2.6) |
| Drug use | 1.2 (0.9,1.5) | 1.1 (0.8,1.5) | 1.1 (0.7,1.7) | 2.0 (1.2,3.3) |
| Peer, Family, and Community-Related Risk Factors | ||||
| Peer delinquency | 1.2 (1.1,1.4) | 1.3 (1.2,1.6) | 1.5 (1.2,1.7) | 0.9 (0.7,1.2) |
| Guns available in home | 1.2 (0.9,1.4) | 1.1 (0.8,1.4) | 1.8 (1.2,2.5) | 0.7 (0.3,1.5) |
| Social isolation | 0.9 (0.8,1.2) | 1.1 (0.9,1.5) | 1.0 (0.8,1.3) | 0.7 (0.4,1.2) |
| Community economic disadvantage | 1.1 (0.9,1.2) | 1.1 (0.8,1.3) | 1.1 (0.9,1.2) | 1.3 (0.9,1.7) |
| Protective Factors | ||||
| Family connectedness | 0.8 (0.7,0.9) | 0.9 (0.7,1.1) | 0.9 (0.6,1.1) | 0.7 (0.6,0.9) |
| Educational aspirations | 0.9 (0.8,0.9) | 0.9 (0.8,1.1) | 0.8 (0.7,0.9) | 0.8 (0.7,0.9) |
| Neighborhood safety | 0.9 (0.7,1.2) | 0.9 (0.6,1.6) | 1.1 (0.7,1.7) | 0.7 (0.4,1.1) |
a
Statistically significant values are in highlighted in bold.
b
Analyses adjusted for all variables shown in table.