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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Reprod Immunol. 2016 Feb 10;114:27–31. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2016.02.001

Fig. 1. Inflammatory Immune Response across Pregnancy and Postpartum according to Maternal Race.

Fig. 1

Lipopolysacharide-stimulated production of (a) IL-6, (b) TNF-α, (c) IL-1β, and (d) IL-8 during early (1), mid- (2), and late (3) pregnancy and postpartum among Black and White women. Black women exhibited greater TNF-α production during mid-pregnancy (p = .002) and marginally lower IL-1β production at postpartum (p = .054). No other statistically significant differences were observed. Error bars = ±1 SE.