Fig. 1. Viral RNA detection from oropharynx, cloaca, and feather pulp. To determine the viral shedding, oropharyngeal (●) and cloacal swab (■), and feather pulp (▲) samples were collected at 0, 2, 3, and 5 days post inoculation. The content of Newcastle disease virus RNA was quantified based on the cycle threshold (Ct) value using a matrix gene-based real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
