Table 5.
Mean frequency scores of food group intakes in intervention (n = 175) and control (n = 178) group and ANCOVA analysis after controlling for potential confounders.
| Food Group Intakes | Mean ± SE | Adj. Mean a 95% CI | Adj. Mean Dif b (95% CI) | F-stat (df) | p Value a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | After 12 Weeks | |||||
| Carbohydrates (Grains and tubers) | 0.17 (−0.79, 0.45) | 1.58 (11, 309) | 0.600 | |||
| Intervention | 3.84 ± 0.11 | 3.93 ± 1.87 | 3.74 (3.12, 4.14) | |||
| Control | 3.60 ± 0.11 | 3.61 ± 1.49 | 3.62 (3.09, 3.82) | |||
| Beans/Pulses | 0.001 (0.16, 0.17) | 1.39 (11, 309) | 0.990 | |||
| Intervention | 0.64 ± 0.39 | 0.67 ± 0.47 | 0.63 (0.7, 0.72) | |||
| Control | 0.64 ± 0.39 | 0.60 ± 0.46 | 0.64 (0.48, 0.71) | |||
| Meat and eggs | 0.14 (−0.40, 0.11) | 0.92 (11, 309) | 0.272 | |||
| Intervention | 0.95 ± 0.06 | 0.84 ± 0.86 | 0.98 (0.55, 1.03) | |||
| Control | 0.61 ± 0.56 | 0.59 ± 0.50 | 0.60 (0.53, 0.78) | |||
| Seafood | 0.15 (−0.34, 0.05) | 1.53 (11, 309) | 0.133 | |||
| Intervention | 0.52 ± 0.04 | 0.53 ± 0.63 | 0.52 (0.34, 0.68) | |||
| Control | 0.36 ± 0.40 | 0.35 ± 0.37 | 0.36 (0.26, 0.44) | |||
| Soybeans and products | 0.06 (−0.17, 0.29) | 2.59 (11, 309) | 0.590 | |||
| Intervention | 0.22 ± 0.47 | 0.23 ± 0.50 | 0.22 (0.05, 0.33) | |||
| Control | 0.26 ± 0.05 | 0.26 ± 0.74 | 0.26 (0.07, 0.43) | |||
| Dairy Products | 0.10 (−0.67, 0.47) | 2.56 (11, 309) | 0.726 | |||
| Intervention | 2.31 ± 1.11 | 2.12 ± 1.80 | 2.29 (1.46, 2.45) | |||
| Control | 2.19 + 1.11 | 2.08 ± 1.31 | 2.16 (1.55, 2.18) | |||
| Fruits | 0.58 (−1.20, 0.04) | 1.23 (11, 309) | <0.05 | |||
| Intervention | 2.96 ± 0.13 | 3.79 ± 1.85 | 2.95 (3.01, 4.01) | |||
| Control | 2.70 ± 0.12 | 2.94 ± 1.53 | 2.68 (2.61, 3.36) | |||
| Vegetables | 0.09 (−0.97, 0.78) | 1.74 (11, 309) | 0.837 | |||
| Intervention | 4.18 ± 0.17 | 4.23 ± 2.40 | 4.11 (3.56, 4.88) | |||
| Control | 4.19 ± 0.17 | 4.23 ± 2.40 | 4.11 (3.49, 4.65) | |||
| Processed Foods | 0.27 (−0.58, 0.04) | 1.49 (11, 309) | 0.08 | |||
| Intervention | 0.83 ± 0.08 | 0.71 ± 0.95 | 0.82 (0.42, 0.95) | |||
| Control | 0.48 ± 0.07 | 0.47 ± 0.72 | 0.46 (0.24, 0.60) | |||
| Snacks High in Sugar and Fat | 0.19 (−0.36, 0.74) | 1.15 (11, 309) | <0.05 | |||
| Intervention | 2.12 ± 0.13 | 1.64 ± 1.28 | 2.20 (0.99, 1.93) | |||
| Control | 1.70 ± 0.13 | 1.56 ± 1.69 | 1.66 (1.31, 1.94) | |||
| Beverages | 0.01 (−0.32, 0.30) | 2.71 (11, 309) | 0.953 | |||
| Intervention | 1.36 ± 0.07 | 1.34 ± 0.90 | 1.35 (0.99, 1.48) | |||
| Control | 1.30 ± 0.07 | 1.33 ± 0.80 | 1.28 (1.02, 1.41) | |||
a adjusted mean using ANCOVA after controlling for age, sex, BMI and baseline measures for each variable; b Bonferroni adjustment for 95% CI for difference; SE: Standard error of the mean; Adj: adjusted; Dif: difference.