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Mechanisms involved in main carbohydrate intolerances. (A) Lactose intolerance due to deficiency of lactase enzyme; (B) glucose-galactose malabsorption due to a genetic defect in SGLT1 expression; (C) fructose malabsorption due to dose-dependent transporters overloading; (D) sucrase malabsorption due to a genetic defect in sucrase-isomaltase activity.
