Table 4.
Correlates of higher percentage of heroin use among the concurrent heroin users during study period (n = 5110).
| Variables | <20% n (%) * |
20%–80% n (%) * |
>80% n (%) * |
OR (95% CI) a,b | p b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||||
| 18– | 378 (15.86) | 1319 (55.33) | 687 (28.82) | 1.00 | |
| 35– | 357 (15.45) | 1264 (54.72) | 689 (29.83) | 1.26 (1.11–1.43) | <0.001 |
| ≥45 | 67 (16.11) | 204 (49.04) | 145 (34.86) | 1.63 (1.30–2.05) | <0.001 |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 737 (15.61) | 2587 (54.80) | 1397 (29.59) | 1.00 | |
| Female | 65 (16.71) | 200 (51.41) | 124 (31.88) | 1.60 (1.28–2.00) | <0.001 |
| Marital Status | |||||
| Married Currently | 379 (15.78) | 1322 (55.04) | 701 (29.18) | 0.95 (0.85–1.07) | 0.441 |
| Others | 423 (15.62) | 1465 (54.10) | 820 (30.28) | 1.00 | |
| Education Level | |||||
| Illiterate or primary school | 169 (17.04) | 521 (52.52) | 302 (30.44) | 0.86 (0.71–1.04) | 0.116 |
| Junior high school | 490 (15.10) | 1764 (54.38) | 990 (30.52) | 0.97 (0.83–1.14) | 0.710 |
| Senior high school | 143 (16.36) | 502 (57.44) | 229 (26.20) | 1.00 | |
| Employed Status | |||||
| Employed | 302 (14.21) | 1121 (52.73) | 703 (33.07) | 1.00 | |
| Unemployed | 500 (16.76) | 1666 (55.83) | 818 (27.41) | 1.02 (0.91–1.15) | 0.717 |
| Family Relationship | |||||
| Harmonious | 222 (16.64) | 752 (56.37) | 360 (26.99) | 1.00 | |
| Inharmonious | 133 (9.47) | 760 (54.09) | 512 (36.44) | 1.56 (1.31–1.87) | <0.001 |
| HIV-Infected at Baseline | |||||
| Yes | 35 (8.05) | 243 (55.86) | 157 (36.09) | 1.76 (1.42–2.19) | <0.001 |
| No | 767 (16.41) | 2544 (54.42) | 1364 (29.18) | 1.00 | |
| HCV-Infected at Baseline | |||||
| Yes | 658(16.87) | 2176(55.78) | 1067(27.35) | 0.91(0.79–1.06) | 0.234 |
| No | 144(11.91) | 611(50.54) | 454(37.55) | 1.00 | |
| Multiple Sex Partners at Baseline | |||||
| Yes | 736 (15.49) | 2612 (54.97) | 1404 (29.55) | 0.95 (0.76–1.19) | 0.655 |
| No | 66 (18.44) | 175 (48.88) | 117 (32.68) | 1.00 | |
| Duration of Drug Use (years) | |||||
| <5 | 143 (9.63) | 808 (54.41) | 534 (35.96) | 1.21 (0.99–1.47) | 0.062 |
| 5–10 | 147 (17.73) | 436 (52.59) | 246 (29.67) | 1.17 (0.99–1.39) | 0.063 |
| ≥10 | 512 (18.31) | 1543 (55.19) | 741 (26.50) | 1.00 | |
| Intravenous Drug Use at Baseline | |||||
| Yes | 592 (18.28) | 1798 (55.53) | 848 (26.19) | 1.00 | |
| No | 210 (11.22) | 989 (52.83) | 673 (35.95) | 1.29 (1.10–1.52) | 0.002 |
| Average Maintenance Doses (mL) | |||||
| <60 | 550 (15.48) | 1882 (52.97) | 1121 (31.55) | 1.00 | |
| ≥60 | 252 (16.18) | 905 (58.12) | 400 (25.69) | 1.19 (0.98–1.27) | 0.085 |
| Percentage of MMT Attendance (%) | |||||
| <20 | 20 (1.51) | 382 (28.79) | 925 (69.71) | 38.43 (31.60–46.74) | <0.001 |
| 20– | 117 (8.29) | 936 (66.34) | 358 (25.37) | 5.42 (4.57–6.44) | <0.001 |
| 50– | 233 (20.17) | 777 (67.27) | 145 (12.55) | 2.11 (1.77–2.49) | <0.001 |
| ≥80% | 432 (35.50) | 692 (58.86) | 93 (7.64) | 1.00 |
a OR: Odds Ratio, CI: Confidence Interval; b Obtained from multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis adjusting for potential confounding variables listed in the table; * Proportions were calculated in the row.