Table A1.

Ratios of geometric means (95% confidence interval) of urinary cadmium by study sites ^a.

Cadmium	Model 1 b	Model 2 c
Winston-Salem	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
Baltimore	0.71 (0.29,1.77)	0.61 (0.38,0.99)
Chicago	0.80 (0.36,1.79)	0.82 (0.52,1.30)
Los Angeles	0.90 (0.41,1.98)	0.81 (0.52,1.26)
New York City	0.91 (0.41,1.98)	0.73 (0.47,1.15)
Saint Paul	0.88 (0.33,2.35)	0.80 (0.49,1.32)

^a Results are in bold where it reached statistical significance (α = 0.05) in a model. ^b Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, education, annual family income, smoking status, pack-year and secondhand smoke. ^c Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, education, annual family income, smoking status, pack-year and high-Cd food (fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, red meat and shellfish).