Table A2.
Adjusted geometric means (95% confidence interval) of urinary metals by study sites.
| Study Site | Model 1 a | Model 2 b | Model 3 c | Model 4 d |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antimony | ||||
| Winston-Salem | 0.13 (0.07, 0.22) | 0.12 (0.07, 0.21) | 0.12 (0.07, 0.21) | 0.12 (0.06, 0.24) |
| Baltimore | 0.08 (0.06, 0.12) | 0.08 (0.06, 0.12) | 0.09 (0.06, 0.13) | 0.08 (0.06, 0.12) |
| Chicago | 0.11 (0.07, 0.19) | 0.12 (0.07, 0.20) | 0.12 (0.07, 0.21) | 0.12 (0.07, 0.20) |
| Los Angeles | 0.10 (0.07, 0.13) | 0.10 (0.07, 0.13) | 0.09 (0.05, 0.16) | 0.10 (0.07, 0.14) |
| New York City | 0.11 (0.07, 0.16) | 0.11 (0.07, 0.16) | 0.11 (0.07, 0.16) | 0.11 (0.07, 0.17) |
| Saint Paul | 0.11 (0.07, 0.19) | 0.11 (0.07, 0.19) | 0.13 (0.05, 0.30) | 0.11 (0.06, 0.22) |
| Cadmium | ||||
| Winston-Salem | 0.80 (0.54, 1.17) | 0.84 (0.58, 1.23) | 0.86 (0.59, 1.26) | 0.94 (0.59, 1.49) |
| Baltimore | 0.57 (0.39, 0.81) | 0.52 (0.36, 0.74) | 0.55 (0.38, 0.80) | 0.53 (0.37, 0.76) |
| Chicago | 0.62 (0.47, 0.80) | 0.61 (0.47, 0.79) | 0.63 (0.48, 0.83) | 0.62 (0.48, 0.80) |
| Los Angeles | 0.57 (0.46, 0.70) | 0.59 (0.49, 0.73) | 0.51 (0.34, 0.76) | 0.56 (0.44, 0.72) |
| New York City | 0.62 (0.47, 0.80) | 0.63 (0.48, 0.82) | 0.64 (0.50, 0.84) | 0.58 (0.42, 0.80) |
| Saint Paul | 0.64 (0.45, 0.91) | 0.59 (0.43, 0.84) | 0.74 (0.42, 1.30) | 0.67 (0.43, 1.05) |
| Tungsten | ||||
| Winston-Salem | 0.034 (0.018, 0.063) | 0.033 (0.018, 0.064) | 0.036 (0.019, 0.069) | 0.046 (0.021, 0.099) |
| Baltimore | 0.033 (0.018, 0.059) | 0.032 (0.017, 0.058) | 0.039 (0.020, 0.073) | 0.035 (0.019, 0.067) |
| Chicago | 0.034 (0.022, 0.052) | 0.034 (0.022, 0.052) | 0.038 (0.024, 0.060) | 0.035 (0.023, 0.056) |
| Los Angeles | 0.11 (0.077, 0.15) | 0.11 (0.08, 0.16) | 0.066 (0.033, 0.13) | 0.093 (0.061, 0.14) |
| New York City | 0.032 (0.021, 0.050) | 0.033 (0.021, 0.051) | 0.036 (0.023, 0.056) | 0.033 (0.015, 0.045) |
| Saint Paul | 0.024 (0.014, 0.042) | 0.023 (0.013, 0.041) | 0.046 (0.018, 0.12) | 0.033 (0.015, 0.071) |
| Uranium | ||||
| Winston-Salem | 0.013 (0.009, 0.018) | 0.013 (0.010, 0.018) | 0.013 (0.010, 0.019) | 0.014 (0.010, 0.021) |
| Baltimore | 0.012 (0.009, 0.016) | 0.012 (0.009, 0.017) | 0.012 (0.009, 0.017) | 0.013 (0.009, 0.017) |
| Chicago | 0.012 (0.009, 0.015) | 0.012 (0.009, 0.015) | 0.012 (0.009, 0.015) | 0.012 (0.009, 0.015) |
| Los Angeles | 0.019 (0.016, 0.023) | 0.019 (0.016, 0.023) | 0.018 (0.011, 0.026) | 0.018 (0.015, 0.023) |
| New York City | 0.011 (0.009, 0.013) | 0.011 (0.008, 0.013) | 0.011 (0.009, 0.013) | 0.010 (0.008, 0.013) |
| Saint Paul | 0.008 (0.006, 0.011) | 0.009 (0.006, 0.012) | 0.009 (0.006, 0.015) | 0.010 (0.006, 0.014) |
a Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, education, annual family income, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); b Adjusted for variables in Model 1, plus smoking status and pack-year; c Adjusted for variables in Model 2, plus log-transformed PM2.5; d Adjusted for variables in Model 2, plus log-transformed NOx.