Table A12.
Ratios of geometric means (95% confidence interval) of urinary metals by tertiles of NOx concentrations in males a.
| NOx | N | Model 1 b | Model 2 c | Model 3 d | Model 4 e |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antimony | |||||
| <37.8 ppb | 62 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| 37.8–69.0 ppb | 59 | 1.21 (0.69, 2.10) | 1.21 (0.69, 2.11) | 1.18 (0.63, 2.18) | 1.64 (0.82, 3.27) |
| ≥69.0 ppb | 53 | 1.63 (0.90, 2.96) | 1.68 (0.92, 3.06) | 1.60 (0.75, 3.44) | 2.65 (1.04, 6.73) |
| Per 45 ppb f | 174 | 1.27 (0.85, 1.89) | 1.29 (0.86, 1.94) | 1.20 (0.68, 2.10) | 1.52 (0.82, 2.83) |
| p for trend | 0.102 | 0.088 | 0.21 | 0.045 | |
| Cadmium | |||||
| <37.8 ppb | 62 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| 37.8–69.0 ppb | 59 | 0.87 (0.59, 1.27) | 0.86 (0.60, 1.24) | 0.82 (0.55, 1.23) | 0.93 (0.59, 1.47) |
| ≥69.0 ppb | 53 | 0.82 (0.54, 1.23) | 0.90 (0.61, 1.33) | 0.82 (0.50, 1.35) | 1.02 (0.55, 1.88) |
| Per 45 ppb | 174 | 0.86 (0.65, 1.13) | 0.93 (0.72, 1.22) | 0.86 (0.59, 1.24) | 1.01 (0.67, 1.52) |
| p for trend | 0.32 | 0.61 | 0.46 | 0.99 | |
| Tungsten | |||||
| <37.8 ppb | 62 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| 37.8–69.0 ppb | 59 | 1.55 (0.82, 2.95) | 1.55 (0.81, 2.96) | 0.83 (0.42, 1.64) | 1.44 (0.68, 3.07) |
| ≥69.0 ppb | 53 | 3.05 (1.54, 6.06) | 3.13 (1.56, 6.28) | 1.03 (0.45, 2.39) | 2.42 (0.87, 6.70) |
| Per 45 ppb | 174 | 2.19 (1.39, 3.45) | 2.24 (1.41, 3.56) | 0.92 (0.50, 1.71) | 1.60 (0.81, 3.15) |
| p for trend | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.82 | 0.081 | |
| Uranium | |||||
| <37.8 ppb | 62 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| 37.8–69.0 ppb | 59 | 1.17 (0.84, 1.64) | 1.17 (0.84, 1.64) | 0.92 (0.64, 1.32) | 0.98 (0.65, 1.47) |
| ≥69.0 ppb | 53 | 1.51 (1.05, 2.16) | 1.49 (1.03, 2.14) | 0.96 (0.61, 1.50) | 1.03 (0.59, 1.77) |
| Per 45 ppb | 174 | 1.42 (1.13, 1.80) | 1.41 (1.11, 1.80) | 1.05 (0.76, 1.46) | 1.14 (0.80, 1.63) |
| p for trend | 0.018 | 0.024 | 0.99 | 0.78 | |
a Results are in bold where it reached statistical significance (α = 0.05) in a model; b Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, education, and annual family income; c Adjusted for variables in Model 1, plus smoking status and pack-year; d Adjusted for variables in Model 2, plus log-transformed PM2.5; e Adjusted for variables in Model 2, plus study site; f Interquartile range for NOx.