Table 2.

Multivariable linear regression models assessing independent associations between Ln serum adiponectin levels (ng/ml) and IGF-1 levels (ng/ml) with muscle outcomes before and after adjusting for adiposity. All models adjusted for age and sex.

Variable	ALMI		ALMI, FMI-adjusted
	β(95% CI)	p	β(95% CI)	p
Adiponectin
Ln(Adiponectin)	−0.87 (−1.51 – −0.24)	0.008	−0.40 (−0.78 – −0.010)	0.04
IGF-1
IGF-1, ng/ml	0.0020 (0.0068–0.011)	0.6	0.0033 (0.0013–0.0080)	0.16
Low IGF-1	−0.49 (−1.50–0.52)	0.3	−0.55 (−1.08 – −0.018)	0.04
	pQCT Muscle CSA*		pQCT Muscle CSA*, Fat CSA-adjusted
	β(95% CI)	p	β(95% CI)	p
Adiponectin
Ln(Adiponectin)	−5.82 (−12.00–0.37)	0.07	−6.11 (−11.47 – −0.75)	0.03
IGF-1
IGF-1, ng/ml	0.074 (−0.0020–0.15)	0.056	0.086 (0.021–0.15)	0.01
Low IGF-1	−11.08 (−20.18 – −1.99)	0.02	−10.55 (−18.48 – −2.62)	0.01
	Ln(Muscle Density)		Ln(Muscle Density), FMI-adjusted
	β(95% CI)	p	β(95% CI)	p
Adiponectin
Ln(Adiponectin)	0.013 (−0.10–0.13)	0.8	0.012 (−0.11–0.14)	0.8
IGF-1
IGF-1, ng/ml	−0.00062 (−0.0021–0.00082)	0.4	−0.00062 (−0.0021–0.00085)	0.4
Low IGF-1	0.11 (−0.064–0.28)	0.2	0.11 (−0.052–0.28)	0.2

^*Also adjusted for tibia length.

Ln: natural log-adjusted; IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor 1; ALMI: appendicular lean mass index; FMI: fat mass index; pQCT: peripheral quantitative computed tomography; CSA: cross-sectional area.