Table 1.
HRAs considered for each condition, with frequencies
| Pharmacological treatment |
Supervised intervention |
Unsupervised behavioural intervention |
Monitoring and follow-up |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HRA | Frequency | HRA | Frequency | HRA | Frequency | HRA | Frequency | |
| Hypertension | Thiazide-type diuretics ACE inhibitors* (plus calcium-channel antagonist†) |
1/day 1/day |
Multidisciplinary team (educator, dietician) | 1/year | Diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet) Physical activity |
Daily 3/week |
Blood test 12-lead electrocardiography Physician appointment Home blood pressure monitoring‡ |
1/year 1/year 1/year 1/day |
| Diabetes | Statin Metformine ACE inhibitors* (plus calcium-channel antagonist†) Influenza vaccine Pneumococcal vaccine |
1/day 3/day 1/day 1/year 1/5 years |
Counselling with qualified professional Self-management |
1/year 1/year |
Diet Physical activity |
Daily 2/week |
Self-monitoring blood glucose Blood and urine tests Physician appointment Ophthalmologist |
2/years 1/year 1/year 1/year |
| CHD+tobacco consumption | β-blockers Aspirin Statin ACE inhibitors* Nicotine substitute Influenza vaccine |
1/day 1/day 1/day 1/day 2/day 1/year |
Individualised education Stop smoking: intensive counselling |
1/year 4/month |
Diet Physical activity |
Daily 1/day |
Blood test 12-lead-electrocardiography Physician appointment Radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging or echocardiography or cardiac MRI |
1/year 1/year 1/year 1/2 years |
| COPD+tobacco consumption | Combination of long-acting bronchodilatators and inhaled corticosteroids Nicotine substitute Influenza vaccine Pneumococcal vaccine |
2/day 2/day 1/year 1/5 years |
Stop smoking: intensive counselling | 4/month | Physical activity | 1/day | Spirometry Physician appointment |
1/year 1/year |
| Depression | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors | 1/day | Physical activity | 3/week | Health caregiver (collaborative care approach) | 1/month | ||
| Knee osteorthritis+overweight | Acetaminophen or NSAIDs (included COX-2) or tramadol Topical NSAIDs Intra-articular corticosteroid injections |
3/day 2/day 3/year |
Education | 1/year | Cardiovascular aerobic and/or resistance land-based exercise Diet Use of thermal agents Walking aids |
5/week daily |
Physician appointment | 1/year |
| Prevention services | Influenza | 1/year | Occult blood testing or colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy | 1/5 year | ||||
*Use ACE inhibitors when CHD is associated with hypertension (instead of thiazide-type diuretics) or diabetes.
†Use ACE inhibitors and calcium-channel antagonist if hypertension is associated with diabetes.
‡Home blood pressure monitoring when hypertension is associated with diabetes.CHD, coronary heart disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2; HRAs, health-related activities; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.