Table 1.

Sinonasal epithelium–derived innate immune molecules

Secreted antimicrobials

Defensins

α defensins (HNP1–HNP6)

β defensins (HBD1–HBD4)

Cathelicidins

LL-37 or hCAP

Elastase inhibitors

SLPI

C-type lectins (collectins)

Surfactant protein A

Surfactant protein B

Mannose-binding lectin

Lactoferrin

Lysozyme

Chitinases

Acid mammalian chitinase

Chitinase-1

Opsonins

Complement factors

Pentraxins

Serum amyloid A

Lipocalins

Lipocalin-2 (NGAL)

PLUNC (?)

Cell surface proteins

Toll-like receptors

S-100 proteins

Costimulatory molecules

Intracellular proteins

NOD receptors

RIG-1

MDA-5

Toll-like receptors

HBD—human β-defensin; hCAP—human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide; HNP—human neutrophil peptide; MDA-5—melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5; NGAL—neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin; NOD—nucleotide oligomerization domain; PLUNC—palate, lung, and nasal epithelial carcinoma; RIG-1—retinoic acid–induced gene 1; SLPI—secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor.