Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Schematic drawing explaining the physical stability of dipolar xanthophylls in the lipid-bilayer membranes. A hydrophobic barrier across the lipid bilayer is indicated. To remove the dipolar xanthophyll molecule from the bilayer, one of its polar −OH groups has to cross the hydrophobic (energy) barrier. ΔEH is the energy needed to pull the polar −OH group of the dipolar xanthophyll across this barrier.
