Fig. 4.

Generation of reactive oxygen species by in HEK cells. HEK-OATP2B1 cells were incubated in the absence or presence of increasing concentrations of compound. Incubations were conducted for 1, 2, or 3 hours at 37°C, after which ROS were detected with the use of DCFDA, which becomes oxidized by ROS to a fluorogenic form. Fluorescence was normalized to vehicle controls and expressed as percentage change from vehicle. Each bar represents the mean ± the standard deviation of n = 3 measurements per condition. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 compound versus its time-matched vehicle incubation. RFU, relative fluorescence units.