. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2016 Mar 14;37(2):277–288. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1578801

Table 4.

Key research initiatives in HIV-associated obstructive lung diseases

Mechanistic

• Quantify the role of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress

• Determine the impact of innate immune activation

• Examine the role of cellular senescence and apoptosis

• Utilize “-omics” technologies to develop novel insights

• Develop appropriate cellular and tissue models

Epidemiological

• Determine the impact of HIV infection on asthma risk and disease course

• Refine optimal approaches to screen for COPD among HIV-infected individuals

• Expand data regarding prevalence and risk factors for HIV-OLD in low- to middle-income countries

• Establish the impact of HIV infection on established COPD phenotypes

• Assess the impact of HIV-OLD on long-term functional outcomes and mortality

Interventions

• Test strategies for smoking cessation in HIV patients

• Expand research aimed at interventions to prevent development of HIV-OLD

• Implement studies to determine the efficacy, comparative effectiveness, and side effects of standard COPD and asthma therapies in HIV

• Include respiratory outcomes in ongoing trials of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune modulating therapies in HIV-infected populations

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HIV-OLD, HIV-associated obstructive lung disease.