Table 3. Calculated CTV to PTV Margins Proposed by Stroom et al.’s [21] and van Herk et al.’s [22, 24] Formulas Based on the Systematic (Σ) and Random (σ) Errors.

Series	Image tool	Recipe	PTV margin
			Translational			Rotational
			Lateral	Longitudin	Vertical	Pitch	Roll	Yaw
			(mm)	al (mm)	(mm)	(°)	(°)	(°)
Infusino et al. [18]	ExacTrac	Stroom et al, 1999	2.6	3.4	3.9	3.4	2.3	3.7
		Van Herk et al, 2002	0.5	1.5	2.3	1.5	0.1	2.1
Oh et al. [13]	CBCT	Van Herk et al, 2000	3.73	3.45	3.24
Zhou et al [16]	MVCT	Stroom et al, 1999	4.8	5.0	1.5
Kataria et al. [17]	CBCT	Stroom et al, 1999	3.6	3.1	3.4
		Van Herk et al, 2000	4.2	3.5	4.0
Present study	ExacTrac	Stroom et al, 1999*h	1.7	3.5	2.3	1.6	1.9	1.9
		Van Herk et al, 2002*	1.0	1.3	0.2	1.0	0.7	0.7

^* Stroom et al.’s formula [21] = 2 ∑ + 0.7σ, Van Herk et al.’s formula [22] = 2.5 ∑ + 0.7σ − 3mm