Table 2. Differences in the clinical characteristics, maximum walking speed, and motor function across tertiles of maximum walking speed.
| Highest tertile (N = 40) | Middle tertile (N = 40) | Lowest tertile (N = 42) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66 (± 8) | 67 (± 8) | 71 (± 10) | 0.03 |
| Men (%) | 55.0 | 52.5 | 50.0 | 0.90 |
| Height (cm) | 160.0 (± 7.2) | 159.7 (± 8.7) | 157.2 (± 8.2) | 0.23 |
| Weight (kg) | 54.3 (± 9.1) | 54.7 (± 10.6) | 53.1 (± 10.9) | 0.75 |
| BMI (kg / m2) | 21.1 (± 2.7) | 21.4 (± 3.2) | 21.1 (± 4.8) | 0.94 |
| HD duration (years) | 8.6 (± 7.4) | 9.5 (± 9.9) | 8.2 (± 8.6) | 0.79 |
| Primary cause of end-stage renal disease (%) | 0.49 | |||
| Glomerulonephritis | 35.0 | 35.0 | 21.4 | |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 25.0 | 37.5 | 40.5 | |
| IgA nephropathy | 15.0 | 2.5 | 4.8 | |
| Polycystic kidney | 2.5 | 2.5 | 4.8 | |
| Nephrosclerosis | 5.0 | 2.5 | 4.8 | |
| Unknown | 15.0 | 12.5 | 11.9 | |
| Others | 2.5 | 7.5 | 11.9 | |
| Laboratory values | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g / dL) | 12.7 (± 4.6) | 10.9 (± 2.6) | 11.8 (± 4.9) | 0.17 |
| Serum albumin (g / dL) | 3.8 (± 0.3) | 3.8 (± 0.3) | 3.8 (± 0.2) | 0.36 |
| Comorbid conditions | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 30.0 | 47.5 | 52.4 | 0.10 |
| Peripheral arterial disease (%) | 30.0 | 45.0 | 54.8 | 0.09 |
| Cardiac disease (%) | 45.0 | 55.0 | 71.4 | 0.04 |
| Cerebrovascular disease (%) | 10.0 | 27.5 | 28.6 | 0.08 |
| Peripheral neuropathy (%) | 15.0 | 30.0 | 45.2 | 0.01 |
| Orthopedic abnormality (%) | 62.5 | 65.0 | 57.1 | 0.76 |
| Joint disease (%) | 42.5 | 45.0 | 40.5 | 0.92 |
| History of fracture (%) | 10.0 | 10.0 | 35.7 | <0.01 |
| Others (%) | 32.5 | 32.5 | 23.8 | 0.61 |
| The number of comorbidities | 1.9 (± 1.3) | 2.7 (± 1.3) | 3.1 (± 1.3) | <0.001 |
| Walking ability | ||||
| Maximum walking speed (m/min) | 112.2 (± 8.4) | 93.6 (± 5.4) | 68.4 (± 14.4) | <0.001 |
| Motor function | ||||
| Leg strength (%BW) | 48.3 (± 12.1) | 42.3 (± 11.9) | 35.7 (±12.1) | <0.001 |
| Lower extremity flexibility (degrees) | 196.0 (± 27.3) | 186.9 (± 30.7) | 180.8 (± 37.3) | 0.11 |
| Standing balance (seconds) | 41.0 (± 24.0) | 32.8 (± 25.4) | 16.4 (± 21.4) | <0.001 |
Date are presented as mean (± standard deviation) or number of subject. BMI: body mass index, HD: hemodialysis, BW: body weight. The cut-off values defining the maximum walking speed tertiles were <88.8 m/min, 88.8–106.2 m/min, and ≥106.2 m/min for men; and <80.4 m/min, 80.4–98.4 m/min, and ≥98.4 m/min for women.