Table 2.
Previously reported cases of nasal leeches
| Author | Place | Year | No. of cases | Presenting feature | Related History | Examination finding | Management |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sarathi [1] | Dharan, Nepal | 2011 | 1 case | 7 year/F, h/o nasal stuffiness, unilateral epistaxis | Anterior rhinoscopy- leech in left nostril | Saline water irrigation + pulled out with forceps | |
| Waleem and Ullah [14] | Muzaffarabad, Pakistan | 2010 | 38 cases (3 years) | Unilateral epistaxis | Unsafe drinking water habits | Nasal leech | Pulled out with forceps |
| Chen et al. [10] | Taiwan | 2010 | 6 cases (1984–2008) | Epistaxis | Unsafe drinking water habits | Nasal leech | Pulled out with forceps |
| Ghimire and Acharya [11] | Dharan, Nepal | 2008 | 2 cases | Recurrent unilateral epistaxis | Nasal leech | Pulled out with forceps | |
| Raza et al. [9] | Lahore, Pakistan | 2006 | 14 cases | Epistaxis (12 cases, 83.4 %) | Unsafe drinking water habits | Nasal leech | Pulled out with forceps |
| Siddiqui et al. [15] | Abbottabad, Pakistan | 2005 | 1 case | Severe anemia | Nasal leech | Blood transfusion | |
| Chow et al. [13] | Hong Kong | 2005 | 1 case | 55 year/F, unilateral epistaxis, nasal obstruction | Swimming in fresh water | Nasal endoscopy- leech in Lt. middle meatus, half inside the maxillary antrum | Endoscopic removal with forceps under local anaesthesia |
| Satyawati et al. [3] | Chandigarh, India | 2002 | 1 case | 4 year old male with bilateral epistaxis | Multiple leeches in both nostrils | Pulled out | |
| Bilgen et al. [16] | Bornova-Izmir, Turkey | 2002 | 1 case | Nasal obstruction, intermittent epistaxis | Nasal endoscopy- leech in nasopharynx | Endoscopic removal | |
| Golz et al. [2] | Haifa | 1989 | 17 cases | Epistaxis | Nasal leech | Pulled out with forceps |