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. 2016 Mar 29;10:135. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00135

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Copyright © 2016 Dowsett and Herrmann.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Simulated data to demonstrate detection of a residual artifact. Ten seconds of baseline EEG (in blue, only 1 s shown) was added to a small sawtooth wave with amplitude of 10 μV (green) to create a corrupted signal (red) such as is seen when an incorrectly sized template is subtracted during artifact removal. Viewed in the time domain this signal cannot be differentiated from normal EEG. (B) The same data as (A) but viewed in the frequency domain. Here the corrupted signal (red) can easily be identified by harmonics which stand out above the level of noise. The peak at 10 Hz could potentially be entrained alpha oscillations but the other harmonics above 30 Hz (which continue throughout the frequency plot) indicate the presence of a sawtooth artifact. Therefore any segment which shows this activity should be rejected from analysis.