TABLE 1.

Baseline demographics, antibiotic status, nasal wash volume returned, and evidence of pneumococcal disease investigation results for patients with lower respiratory tract infection and age- and gender-matched hospitalized controls

Parameter	Results for:		P
	LRTIa patients (n = 19)	Controls(n = 19)
Male gender (n [%])	9 (47.4)	9 (47.4)	1.000b
Age (mean ± SD) (yr)	64.47 ± 15.78	64.58 ± 14.50	0.954c
Smoker/ex-smoker (n [%])	15 (78.9)	10 (52.6)	0.170d
23PPVe (n [%])	7 (36.8)	8 (42.1)	0.740b
Contact with children (n [%])	10 (52.6)	12 (63.2)	0.511b
Antibiotics at time of recruitment (n [%])	19 (100)	3 (15.8)	0.0001d
Nasal wash vol returned (mean ± SD) (ml)	10.14 ± 3.14	10.36 ± 4.83	0.855c
Evidence of pneumococcal disease: BinaxNOW urine test positive (n [%])	2 (10.5)	0 (0)	0.486d
Evidence of pneumococcal disease: blood or sputum culture positive (n [%])	0 (0)	NAf	NA

^aLRTI, lower respiratory tract infection.

^bChi-square test.

^cMann-Whitney U test.

^dFisher's exact test.

^e23PPV, 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Pneumovax).

^fNA, not applicable.