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. 2016 Mar 14;4(1):e21. doi: 10.2196/mhealth.4398

Table 5.

Self-reported cognitive and behavioral outcomes for the TEXT2COPE group.

Instrument	Pretest Mean (SD)	Posttest Mean (SD)	Effect Size	P Value
Nutrition Knowledge	14.60 (3.46)	17.53 (1.73)	1.07^a	.001
Activity Knowledge	9.93 (1.58)	11.00 (1.07)	.45^b	.012
Parental Healthy Beliefs	79.53 (8.10)	83.00 (7.63)	.61^b	.001
Parental Healthy Behaviors	46.20 (8.37)	51.00 (7.83)	.59^a	.040
Perceived Difficulty ^c	38.46 (11.33) ^a	42.31 (10.94) ^a	.50^a	.168

^a Effect size for Cohen’s d (parametric): .2 small, .5 medium, .8 large

^b Effect size for R code (nonparametric): .1 small, .3 medium, .5 large

^c Higher scores on the Perceived Difficulty scale indicate less perceived difficulty (easier to do)