Table 1.
A comparison between the zones of inhibition (mm) of ciprofloxacin (100 µg/mL) alone and ciprofloxacin in the presence of 100 µM of tempol, melatonin or pentoxifylline against standard bacterial strains.
| Standard Bacterial Strains | Zone of Inhibition (mm)* | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ciprofloxacin | Tempol | Ciprofloxacin + Tempol | Melatonin | Ciprofloxacin + Melatonin | Pentoxifylline | Ciprofloxacin + Pentoxifylline | |
| Gram +ve: | |||||||
| S. aureus | 22.7 ± 1.5 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 8.7 ± 0.6 | 5.0 ± 1.2 | 12.0 ± 1.0 | 5. 3 ± 0.6 | 13. 3 ± 0.6 |
| S. epidermidis | 22.0 ± 1.0 | 3.3 ± 0.6 | 8.3 ± 0.6 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 9.7 ± 0.6 | 2. 4 ± 0.6 | 12. 3 ± 0.6 |
| MRSA | 10.7 ± 1.5 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 3.7 ± 1.2 | 5.0 ± 1.0 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 4.0 ± 1.0 |
| S. pneumoniae | 14.7 ± 0.6 | 4.3 ± 1.2 | 6.7 ± 0.6 | 4.7 ± 1.6 | 7.3 ± 0.6 | 4.7 ± 0.6 | 7.7 ± 0.6 |
| VRE | 16.7 ± 1.5 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 2.3 ± 1.2 | 2.3 ± 1.2 | 2.1 ± 1.6 | 3.0 ± 1.0 |
| S. pyogenes | 21.7 ± 1.5 | 4.3 ± 1.2 | 7.3 ± 1.2 | 4.7 ± 1.2 | 9.7 ± 0.6 | 4.7 ± 1.2 | 12.0 ± 1.0 |
| Gram –ve: | |||||||
| E. coli | 26.7 ± 2.0 | 5 .0 ± 2.0 | 8 .0 ± 1.0 | 5.0 ± 2.0 | 13.0 ± 1.0 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 15.7 ± 0.6 |
| P. aeruginosa | 23.3 ± 1.2 | 2.7 ± 1.6 | 9.7 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 13.0 ± 1.0 | 4. 3 ± 2.1 | 13.3 ± 1.2 |
| P. mirabilis | 19.7 ± 2.1 | 1.7 ± 1.2 | 7.7 ± 1.2 | 2.7 ± 0.0 | 8.0 ± 0.0 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 10.7 ± 0.6 |
| K. pneumoniae | 22.0 ± 2.0 | 4.7 ± 0.6 | 7.7 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 1.2 | 12.0 ± 1.0 | 4.3 ± 0.6 | 13.0 ± 1.0 |
| A. baumannii | 11.3 ± 0.6 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 4.7 ± 1.6 | 3.7 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 5.3 ± 0.6 |
* The zones of inhibition values for ciprofloxacin alone were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those of combination of ciprofloxacin with tempol, melatonin or pentoxifylline for all tested bacterial strains. Results are presented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments.