Table 2. Regional characteristics of the 16 major cities and provinces in Korea.

Regional characteristics	2010 census			1995-2008 birth cohort				K index
	Population	Old people, %	Low social class, %	Births	Infant deaths	IMR*	Excess IMR*	Mean (SD)	(Min, Max)
Seoul	978,185	5.5	51.9	1,636,868	2,590	1.58	-0.32	-0.591 (0.511)	(-1.609, 0.258)
Busan	376,464	6.3	65.4	501,068	933	1.86	-0.04	-0.131 (0.552)	(-0.938, 0.982)
Daegu	249,046	6.1	63.5	387,336	763	1.97	0.07	-0.304 (0.662)	(-0.946, 0.683)
Incheon	247,457	5.6	62.1	426,680	793	1.86	-0.04	-0.468 (0.946)	(-1.486, 1.237)
Gwangju	143,836	5.7	59.0	245,664	456	1.86	-0.04	-0.707 (0.513)	(-1.141, 0.114)
Daejeon	146,274	5.6	55.8	241,012	488	2.02	0.13	-0.875 (0.485)	(-1.342, -0.170)
Ulsan	105,407	4.1	65.6	157,930	345	2.18	0.29	-1.080 (0.320)	(-1.454, -0.718)
Gyeonggi	941,918	5.9	57.1	1,773,479	3,184	1.80	-0.10	-0.946 (0.514)	(-2.035, 0.119)
Gangwon	167,947	10.1	73.2	225,858	508	2.25	0.35	0.130 (0.423)	(-0.494, 0.685)
N. Chungcheong	164,759	9.9	70.1	237,217	510	2.15	0.25	0.089 (0.721)	(-0.977, 1.232)
S. Chungcheong	209,435	12.3	75.0	295,801	585	1.98	0.08	0.237 (0.577)	(-0.992, 1.130)
N. Jeolla	208,846	11.4	72.6	293,989	675	2.30	0.40	0.746 (0.994)	(-0.992, 1.868)
S. Jeolla	215,013	13.8	78.5	303,031	687	2.27	0.37	1.045 (0.853)	(-1.068, 2.099)
N. Gyeongsang	318,228	11.8	75.7	410,943	928	2.26	0.36	0.704 (0.954)	(-1.206, 2.151)
S. Gyeongsang	318,771	9.2	69.8	548,404	1,152	2.10	0.20	0.688 (1.234)	(-1.424, 2.471)
Jeju	53,957	8.5	72.5	99,524	175	1.76	-0.14	0.067 (0.826)	(-0.904, 0.893)
Overall	4,845,543	7.5	62.8	7,784,804	14,772	1.90	0.00	0.000 (1.000)	(-2.035, 2.471)

*IMR, infant mortality rate (infant deaths per 1,000 births). SD, standard deviation; Min, minimum; Max, maximum.