FIG 1 .

IL-12p70 production by DCs challenged with pneumococci requires the adaptor molecule TRIF. DCs were treated with siRNA against TRIF or random control siRNA. The cells were infected with T4R (A and B) or stimulated with PolyI:C (C) or R848 (D) to confirm the knockdown. IL-12p70 secretion was measured in the cell culture supernatant by ELISA; each dot represents the result from one donor (A, C, and D). Fold changes in gene expression of IL-12p40 or TRIF relative to control cells were measured using RT-PCR (B and E). Graphs show means ± standard errors of the means for results from 6 (A, C, and D), 2 (B), or 4 (E) experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using a Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test (for ELISAs) or Student’s t test (for RT-PCRs). *, P < 0.05. n.s., not significant.