FIG 3 .

TLR3 is required for IL-12p70 production by DCs challenged with pneumococci. DCs were treated with siRNA against TLR3 or random control siRNA (A to E) or treated with a TLR3/dsRNA complex inhibitor (F to I). The cells were infected with T4R (A, B, and F), opsonized T4 (G), or stimulated with PolyI:C (C and H) or R848 (D and I) to confirm the knockdown. IL-12p70 secretion was measured in the cell culture supernatant by ELISA; each dot represents the results from one donor (A, C, D, and F to I). Fold changes in gene expression of IL-12p40 or TLR3 relative to control cells were measured using RT-PCR (B and E). Graphs show the means ± standard errors of the means of results for 6 (A, C, D, and F to I), 2 (B), or 3 (E) experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using a Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test (for ELISAs) or Student’s t test (for RT-PCRs). *, P < 0.05. n.s., not significant.