FIG 4 .

The role of TLR3 in IAV-pneumococcal coinfection. DCs were infected with IAV and/or T4R. Expression of TLR3 (A and B) or IL-12p40 (C) was measured by RT-PCR at the indicated time points (A and C) or after 8 h (B). DCs were treated with IAV, PolyI:C, or T4R, with or without the TLR3/dsRNA complex inhibitor, as indicated. IL-12p70 secretion was measured in the supernatant by ELISA (D). Values represent means ± standard errors of the means for results from 3 (A), 4 (B), 2 (C), or 6 (D) experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t test (for RT-PCRs) or the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test (for ELISAs). *, P < 0.05. n.s., not significant.