FIG 6 .

RNA is required as a pneumococcal stimulus to induce IL-12p70 production. DCs were challenged with live, UV-killed, or heat-killed (HK) T4R (A), with live or UV-killed T4R at the indicated MOI (B), with UV-killed T4R (MOI, 10), with LPS pretreated with a cocktail of RNase A (200 to 20 U/ml) and RNase T1 (8,000 to 800 U/ml) (C), or with UV-killed T4R (MOI, 10) pretreated with DNase I (1,000 to 250 U/ml) (D). IL-12p70 production in the cell supernatant was measured in an ELISA (A to D), and DC viability was measured by flow cytometry (B). Values represent means ± standard errors of the means for results from 4 (A), 3 (B), 7 (C), or 4 (D) experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance and a Bonferroni posttest. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.005; ***, P < 0.0005. n.s., not significant.