Table 2.

Association between comorbidity and the development of atrial fibrillation (binary conditional logistic regression analysis, n = 8452)

	Bivariate	P value	Multivariable	P value
	OR (95 % CI)		OR (95 % CI)
Cardiovascular medicationa
Diuretic	1.7 (1.5–1.9)	<0.001	1.1 (0.94–1.3)	0.24
β blocker	2.0 (1.8–2.2)	<0.001	1.6 (1.4–1.8)	<0.001
Calcium channel blocker	1.8 (1.5–2.0)	<0.001	1.3 (1.1–1.5)	0.003
ACE-inhibitor	1.8 (1.6–2.1)	<0.001	1.3 (1.1–1.5)	0.008
ARB	1.5 (1.2–1.8)	<0.001	1.1 (0.85–1.3)	0.63
Comorbiditya
Charlson Comorbidity Index (per point increase)	1.12 (1.08–1.16)	<0.001	1.09 (1.05–1.14)b	<0.001
Myocardial infarction	1.8 (1.5–2.1)	<0.001	1.3 (1.0–1.5)	0.021
Heart failure	3.3 (2.7–4.0)	<0.001	2.5 (2.0–3.1)	<0.001
Peripheral vascular disease	1.4 (1.1–1.7)	0.001	1.0 (0.82–1.3)	0.89
Cerebrovascular event	1.6 (1.3–1.8)	<0.001	1.3 (1.1–1.6)	0.003
Dementia	0.89 (0.66–1.2)	0.43	0.86 (0.62–1.2)	0.37
Chronic pulmonary disease	1.0 (0.71–1.4)	0.99	0.94 (0.66–1.3)	0.72
History of peptic ulcers	1.2 (0.96–1.4)	0.12	1.0 (0.82–1.3)	0.92
Liver disease	1.1 (0.83–1.5)	0.47	0.99 (0.72–1.4)	0.96
Diabetes	1.4 (1.2–1.6)	<0.001	1.1 (0.89–1.2)	0.58
Hemiplegia	1.5 (0.98–2.3)	0.058	1.1 (0.71–1.8)	0.61
Renal disease	1.5 (1.3–1.8)	<0.001	1.4 (1.1–1.7)	0.001
History of tumours	0.92 (0.79–1.1)	0.31	0.86 (0.73–1.02)	0.086
Leukaemia	0.77 (0.29–2.0)	0.59	0.65 (0.22–1.9)	0.44
Lymphoma	0.75 (0.33–1.7)	0.49	0.85 (0.36–2.0)	0.72
Hypertension	1.5 (1.4–1.7)	<0.001	1.1 (0.97–1.3)	0.15
Valve disease	3.1 (2.5–3.8)	<0.001	2.5 (2.0–3.1)	<0.001

^aAll variables were recorded at baseline (= date of the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation for the case and its matched controls); ^b, Adjusted for diuretics intake, β blocker intake, calcium channel inhibitor intake, ACE inhibitor intake, ARB intake, arterial hypertension and valve disease. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker