FIG 6.
Real-time PCR of antiviral molecules downstream of the IFN receptor in Vero cells infected with PIV-3. Vero cells were infected with dolphin (T), bovine (B), or human (H) PIV-3 for 24, or 48, or 72 h. Cells were incubated with recombinant IFN-α/β (500 U/ml) or IL-29/-28A/-28B (1 μg/ml) for 24 h. Levels of downstream antiviral molecules (PKR, OAS, MxA, and ISG56) were measured by real-time PCR. The relative quantification (RQ) was calculated by normalization first to the GAPDH level to give a ΔCT value, followed by normalization to the mock level at a given time point (ΔΔCT). The RQ or fold change was then calculated as 2−ΔΔCT. A significant change in levels from those in the uninfected controls at a particular time point is denoted as follows: *, P < 0.05; #, P < 0.01; +, P < 0.001. Striped bars, positive controls.