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The effects of American ginseng crude extract and sub-fractions on cytokine expression in RAW264.7 cells. Sub-confluent RAW264.7 cells were treated with LPS, American ginseng crude extracts (Am. G), hexane fraction (Hexane-F), and panaxynol in DMEM supplemented with 2% FBS for 4 h and then subjected to qPCR analysis of mRNA expression of (A) iNOS, MCP-1, and MIP-1β, as well as (B) IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα. n=6, *p<0.05 vs. control (−), #p<0.05 vs. LPS (+).
