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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 20.
Published in final edited form as: J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Apr 14;168:326–336. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.004

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

The effects of American ginseng crude extract and sub-fractions on Nrf2 activation in RAW264.7 cells. (A) The effect of American ginseng crude extracts, hexane fraction, and panaxynol on Nrf2 expression in RAW264.7 cells. Sub-confluent RAW264.7 cells were treated with American ginseng crude extracts (Am. G), hexane fraction (Hexane-F), and panaxynol in DMEM supplemented with 2% FBS as indicated. The immunoblotting results are representative of three separate experiments. (B) The effect of American ginseng crude extracts, hexane fraction, and panaxynol on NQO-1 expression in RAW264.7 cells. Sub-confluent RAW264.7 cells were treated with American ginseng crude extracts (Am. G), hexane fraction (Hexane-F), and panaxynol in DMEM supplemented with 2% FBS. n=4, *p<0.05 vs. control (0). (C) The effect of American ginseng crude extracts, hexane fraction, and panaxynol on Nrf2 expression and nuclear translocation in RAW264.7 cells. Sub-confluent RAW264.7 cells were treated with American ginseng crude extracts (Am. G, 100 μg/ml), hexane fraction (Hexane-F, 100 μg/ml), and panaxynol (0.5 μM) in DMEM supplemented with 2% FBS for 1 h. The images of confocal analysis of Nrf2 expression are representative of three separate experiments.