Table 3.
Clinical characteristics and cardiovascular structure and function by estimated glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio combined categories
| Reference: no renal dysfunction, n = 82 (38%) | High UACR/preserved eGFR, n = 35 (16%) | Normal UACR/low eGFR, n = 50 (23%) | High UACR/low eGFR, n = 50 (23%) | Unadjusted P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 78 ± 13 | 85 ± 36 | 46 ± 10 | 46 ± 8 | <0.001 |
| UACR (mg/g) | 8.0 (4.4, 11.5) | 42 (31, 111) | 8 (6, 13) | 67 (34, 119) | <0.001 |
| Clinical characteristics | |||||
| Age (years) | 69 ± 9 | 66 ± 11 | 73 ± 7 | 75 ± 8 | <0.001 |
| Women (%) | 49 (60) | 13 (37) | 38 (76) | 20 (40) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 30.3 ± 5.8 | 31.2 ± 6.2 | 31.8 ± 6.8 | 29.5 ± 4.6 | 0.22 |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 56 ± 13 | 62 ± 16 | 61 ± 15 | 59 ± 13 | 0.10 |
| Prior HF hospitalization (%) | 24 (29) | 14 (40) | 24 (48) | 31 (62) | 0.002 |
| History of diabetes (%) | 27 (33) | 24 (69) | 14 (28) | 22 (44) | 0.001 |
| History of CHD (%) | 33 (40) | 22 (63) | 20 (40) | 24 (48) | 0.12 |
| History of hypertension (%) | 76 (93) | 34 (97) | 48 (96) | 46 (92) | 0.77 |
| Anaemia | 10 (13) | 9 (26) | 14 (29) | 15 (31) | 0.033 |
| LV structure (%) | |||||
| LVEDV (mL) | 108 ± 23 | 131 ± 27 | 109 ± 35 | 117 ± 32 | 0.001 |
| LVESV (mL) | 46 ± 14 | 58 ± 18 | 45 ± 26 | 49 ± 17 | 0.008 |
| SWT (cm) | 0.90 ± 0.16 | 0.96 ± 0.11 | 1.02 ± 0.21 | 0.99 ± 0.20 | 0.001 |
| PWT (cm) | 0.82 ± 0.11 | 0.87 ± 0.12 | 0.90 ± 0.20 | 0.91 ± 0.20 | 0.007 |
| LVM (g) | 134 ± 33 | 161 ± 31 | 155 ± 49 | 159 ± 52 | 0.001 |
| LVMi (g/m2.7) | 36 ± 10 | 40 ± 10 | 41 ± 13 | 41 ± 12 | 0.010 |
| RWT (cm) | 0.36 ± 0.06 | 0.36 ± 0.06 | 0.40 ± 0.11 | 0.39 ± 0.10 | 0.011 |
| LV systolic function (%) | |||||
| LVEF | 58 ± 7 | 56 ± 8 | 60 ± 9 | 59 ± 6 | 0.10 |
| Cardiac output (L/min) | 4193 ± 1069 | 5106 ± 1402 | 4298 ± 1318 | 4544 ± 1195 | 0.002 |
| MWFS | 17.6 ± 2.0 | 17.4 ± 1.6 | 16.4 ± 2.4 | 16.8 ± 2.4 | 0.011 |
| GLS | −14.4 ± 3.4 | −14.6 ± 3.3 | −15.3 ± 3.3 | −15.1 ± 3.0 | 0.50 |
| LV diastolic function | |||||
| E/E′ | 14.2 ± 7.3 | 15.2 ± 6.9 | 15.0 ± 5.3 | 14.6 ± 6.5 | 0.44 |
| LAV (mL) | 62 ± 24 | 73 ± 28 | 68 ± 31 | 71 ± 26 | 0.14 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 744 (321, 1174) | 741 (457, 1275) | 873 (572, 1508) | 1361 (828, 2293) | <0.001 |
| Measures of arterial–LV coupling | |||||
| Ea (mmHg/mL) | 2.05 ± 0.49 | 1.84 ± 0.50 | 2.06 ± 0.57 | 1.90 ± 0.55 | 0.10 |
| Ees (mmHg/mL) | 2.53 ± 0.99 | 2.20 ± 0.77 | 2.72 ± 1.04 | 2.40 ± 0.93 | 0.14 |
| Ea/Ees | 0.94 ± 0.61 | 0.94 ± 0.41 | 0.85 ± 0.41 | 0.88 ± 0.36 | 0.76 |
Data are mean ± SD, median (IQR).
LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; SWT, septal wall thickness; PWT, posterior wall thickness; LVM, left ventricular mass; LVMi, left ventricular mass indexed to height2.7; RWT, relative wall thickness; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MWFS, midwall fractional shortening; GLS, global longitudinal strain; E/E′, mitral inflow to mitral relaxation velocity ratio; LAV, left atrial volume; Ea, effective arterial elastance; Ees, left ventricular end-systolic elastance; Ea/Ees, ventricular–vascular coupling.