Table 4.
Effect estimate and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the change in mean of each developmental quotient associated with a change in the predictor from Value 1 to Value 2 depicted in parentheses (Value 1: Value 2)a
| Social | Self-help | Gross motor | Fine motor | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictor | Effect estimate (95% CI) | p | Effect estimate (95% CI) | p | Effect estimate (95% CI) | p | Effect estimate (95% CI) | p |
| Child | ||||||||
| Additional disability (none: one or more) | −21.6 (−30.0, −12.8) | <.001 | −24.6 (−32.5, −16.8) | <.001 | −33.9 (−42.0, −25.6) | <.001 | −20.5 (−27.7, −13.3) | <.001 |
| Birth weightb | 6.5 (1.8, 11.4) | .005 | 8.2 (4.2, 12.2) | <.001 | 9.9 (4.9, 15.1) | <.001 | 5.6 (1.9, 9.3) | .003 |
| Gender (male: female) | 9.8 (1.9, 17.8) | .01 | 15.5 (8.8, 22.3) | <.001 | 6.6 (−1.1, 14.3) | .09 | 12.6 (6.7, 18.5) | <.001 |
| Age at first fittingb | −3.6 (−10.2, 3.4) | .31 | −0.6 (−6.6, 5.4) | .85 | 0.7 (−6.0, 7.7) | .84 | 0.4 (−4.9, 5.7) | .88 |
| Age at first switch-onb | −6.3 (−17.1, 8.1) | .37 | −0.7 (−12.5, 11.2) | .91 | 7.5 (−5.1, 22.8) | .27 | −0.2 (−10.6, 10.2) | .97 |
| Device (hearing aid: cochlear implant)c | 4.2 | .65 | 0.0 | .98 | −8.8 | .05 | −1.0 | .99 |
| 4 frequency average (4FA) hearing level in the better earc | .12 | .96 | .34 | .88 | ||||
| 4FA for hearing aide usersb | −11.8 | 1.4 | 8.4 | 1.6 | ||||
| 4FA for cochlear implant usersb | −5.6 | 0.0 | −3.2 | 2.1 | .88 | |||
| Family | ||||||||
| Maternal education | .35 | .31 | .11 | .06 | ||||
| School: diploma | 5.5 (−4.6, 15.9) | 1.1 (−7.9, 10.0) | 4.9 (−5.3, 15.4) | 9.5 (1.5, 17.5) | ||||
| School: university | 6.5 (−2.9, 16.1) | −5.1 (−13.4, 3.1) | −5.6 (−14.4, 3.5) | 5.3 (−1.9, 12.4) | ||||
| Socio-economic statusa | 2.4 (−2.7, 9.2) | .42 | 0.6 (−4.4, 5.6) | .83 | −0.8 (−5.3, 5.3) | .77 | 0.6 (−3.7, 5.0) | .77 |
| Educational intervention | ||||||||
| Communication mode (aural/oral: combined mode) | −10.6 (−24.3, 26.8) | .12 | −11.3 (−22.5, 18.0) | .03 | −11.9 (−10.0, 36.0) | .01 | −7.2 (−10.6, 26.8) | .09 |
Note. aFor categorical variables, Value 1 is the reference category.
bFor these variables, the effect estimate and 95% CI are for the change in the mean of the dependent variable associated with a change in the predictor from the first quartile value to the third quartile value, with the other predictors constant.
cThere are no CIs specified separately for device and 4FA hearing level in the better ear because the model included nonlinearities and interactions between device and hearing level.