Figure 3.

Species richness (a,d), link density (b,e) and connectance (c,f) as conditional on primary and secondary habitat modifiers. For each habitat, the most left bar indicates the natural situation, and subsequent bars depict the outcomes of the removal of species dependent on habitat modification (i.e. removal of non-trophic effects). Letters indicate post hoc grouping; error bars represent s.e.m. Species richness and link density are significantly higher in modified habitat, whereas connectance is generally lower. Removal of species dependent on habitat modification increased similarity to unmodified, bare habitat.