Table 1.

Effect of logging and topology on the robustness to secondary extinctions of tree–liana networks, analysed by means of GLMMs. Significance of p-values is provided by asterisks. Reference categories for the effects shown were ‘primary forest’ for forest type and ‘connected scenario’ for the extinction model.

factor	level of factor	estimate	standard error (s.e.)	z-value
intercept		0.36	0.09	4.19***
logging	logged forest	0.12	0.09	1.23n.s.
extinction scenario	random	0.32	0.03	9.25***
	rare	0.55	0.03	15.88***
species richness		−0.004	0.001	−2.96**
tree specialization		0.69	0.25	2.76**
logging × tree specialization	logged forest	−0.90	0.29	−3.15**
extinction scenario × tree specialization	rare	−0.72	0.21	−3.40***
	random	−1.15	0.21	−5.43***

**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, n.s. >0.05.