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EVs derived from cancer cells infiltrate BM cells (i), leading to the formation of a premetastatic niche (ii). Additionally, cancer cell–derived EVs directly alter the metastatic site to induce angiogenesis. Transfer of EV-associated miRNAs from BM mesenchymal stem cells regulates breast cancer cell dormancy in a metastatic niche (iii). Furthermore, brain metastasis is mediated by EVs triggers the destruction of the BBB (iv).
