Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics and Changes in Weight and Physical Function with Lifestyle Therapy
| Control (n = 9) | Diet (n = 9) | Exercise (n = 10) | Diet-exercise (n = 12) | Effect of Exercise | P Value Effect of Diet | Interaction | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 68.7 ± 1.1 | 68.3 ± 1.3 | 71.5 ± 1.6 | 68.7 ± 1.3 | |||
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 37.5 ± 1.9 | 39.1 ± 1.5 | 35.9 ± 0.9 | 35.1 ± 1.5 | |||
| Body Weight (kg) | |||||||
| Baseline | 112.1 ± 5.2 | 118.8 ± 3.7 | 109.7 ± 3.3 | 104.2 ± 6.1 | |||
| 6 months | 109.2 ± 5.4 | 108.1± 5.4* | 109.9 ± 3.0 | 96.8 ± 6.6* | |||
| 1 year | 112.7 ± 5.8 | 108.6 ± 5.8* | 109.9 ± 3.3 | 95.9 ± 5.7* | |||
| Δ 1 year | 0.6 ± 1.6 | −10.1 ± 1.9 | −0.2 ± 1.4 | −9.1 ± 0.9 | 0.20 | <0.001 | 0.59 |
| Waist Circumference (cm) | |||||||
| Baseline | 121.5 ± 3.2 | 125.0 ± 2.1 | 121.3 ± 2.5 | 120.0 ± 5.0 | |||
| 6 months | 121.6 ± 3.6 | 118.0 ± 2.0* | 121.7 ± 3.0 | 114.7 ± 6.1 | |||
| 1 year | 122.7 ± 4.2 | 116.2 ± 2.4* | 121.0 ± 2.0 | 110.1 ± 5.9* | |||
| Δ 1 year | 1.2 ± 2.3 | −8.8 ± 1.5 | 0.7 ± 1.3 | −9.9 ± 2.6 | 0.71 | 0.01 | 0.84 |
| Physical Performance Test | |||||||
| Baseline | 27.1 ± 1.1 | 29.0 ± 2.2 | 27.5 ± 1.0 | 28.3 ± 0.8 | |||
| 6 months | 27.8 ± 1.1 | 31.1 ± 0.8* | 30.7 ± 1.1* | 31.9 ± 1.2* | |||
| 1 year | 27.3 ± 1.0 | 32.0 ± 06* | 31.4 ± 1.1* | 33.4 ± 1.0* | |||
| Δ 1 year | 0.2 ± 0.7 | 3.0 ± 0.4 | 3.9 ± 0.6 | 5.1 ± 0.7 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.57 |
Values are mean ± SE
*
P<0.05 for the comparison of the value at the follow-up time with the baseline value within the group, as calculated with the use of mixed-model repeated-measures analyses of variance.