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. 2016 Mar 11;35(5):2553–2560. doi: 10.3892/or.2016.4675

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Copyright: © Kim et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Metformin (Met) inhibits E2-induced expression, function of ERα and cell proliferation in MDA-MB-361 breast cancer cells. (A) The protein levels of ERα were examined by western blotting. β-actin was evaluated as a loading control. (B) ERα mRNA levels were determined by RT-qPCR. (C) ERE luciferase assay was performed. (D) The protein levels of c-Myc, cyclin D1, PR, pS2, phospho(p)-AMPKα (Thr172) and total AMPKα were examined by western blotting. β-actin was evaluated as a loading control. Protein expression levels normalized with β-actin are presented. Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. P-value was calculated compared to the untreated Ctrl cells or E2-treated cells; ^*P<0.05 and ^**P<0.01. (E) RT-qPCR was conducted to assess mRNA levels of cyclin D1 and pS2. (F) Cell proliferation was measured by trypan blue staining. All data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments conducted in triplicates; ^*P<0.05, ^**P<0.01.

Metformin (Met) inhibits E2-induced expression, function of ERα and cell proliferation in MDA-MB-361 breast cancer cells. (A) The protein levels of ERα were examined by western blotting. β-actin was evaluated as a loading control. (B) ERα mRNA levels were determined by RT-qPCR. (C) ERE luciferase assay was performed. (D) The protein levels of c-Myc, cyclin D1, PR, pS2, phospho(p)-AMPKα (Thr172) and total AMPKα were examined by western blotting. β-actin was evaluated as a loading control. Protein expression levels normalized with β-actin are presented. Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. P-value was calculated compared to the untreated Ctrl cells or E2-treated cells; ^*P<0.05 and ^**P<0.01. (E) RT-qPCR was conducted to assess mRNA levels of cyclin D1 and pS2. (F) Cell proliferation was measured by trypan blue staining. All data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments conducted in triplicates; ^*P<0.05, ^**P<0.01.