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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Apr 15.

Published in final edited form as: Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2015 Dec 28;425:48–60. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.12.006

HepG2 cells were incubated with PKI (5-24) (100 nM) in leucine plus (450 μM) or leucine deprived (0 μM) media for 24 hours (n=3 each). A representative western immunoblot of HepG2 cell media indicating A. total IGFBP-1 and B. IGFBP-1 phosphorylation at Ser101, Ser119 and Ser169 in control, leucine deprivation, PKI, and leucine deprivation+PKI treatments. PKA inhibition did not affect leucine deprivation-induced IGFBP-1 phosphorylation. Values are displayed as mean + SEM. *p< 0.05, **p= 0.001-0.05, ***p < 0.0001 versus control; One-way analysis of variance; Dunnet’s Multiple Comparison Test; n=3. C:450: Control, 450 μM leucine. C:0: Leucine deprivation, 0 μM leucine. PKI:450: PKI (5-24) (100 nM), 450 μM leucine. PKI:0:

HepG2 cells were incubated with PKI (5-24) (100 nM) in leucine plus (450 μM) or leucine deprived (0 μM) media for 24 hours (n=3 each). A representative western immunoblot of HepG2 cell media indicating A. total IGFBP-1 and B. IGFBP-1 phosphorylation at Ser101, Ser119 and Ser169 in control, leucine deprivation, PKI, and leucine deprivation+PKI treatments. PKA inhibition did not affect leucine deprivation-induced IGFBP-1 phosphorylation. Values are displayed as mean + SEM. *p< 0.05, **p= 0.001-0.05, ***p < 0.0001 versus control; One-way analysis of variance; Dunnet’s Multiple Comparison Test; n=3. C:450: Control, 450 μM leucine. C:0: Leucine deprivation, 0 μM leucine. PKI:450: PKI (5-24) (100 nM), 450 μM leucine. PKI:0: