Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients stratified by referent, borderline pulmonary hypertension (PH), and PH status.
| Clinical Variable | mPAP (mmHg) | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤18 (N=4207) | 19–24 (N=5030) | ≥25 (N=12490) | ||
| Age (yr) | 64.3 [59.6–73.0] | 65.2 [60.3–73.5] | 64.9 [60.2–73.4] | <0.0001 |
| Sex (M) | 96.5 (4059) | 96.6 (4861) | 96.6 (12071) | 0.8730 |
| Race | <0.0001 | |||
| White | 79.1 (3328) | 79.3 (3987) | 73.4 (9166) | |
| Black or African American | 12.0 (506) | 13.1 (659) | 19.3 (2405) | |
| Other | 8.9 (373) | 7.6 (384) | 7.3 (919) | |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | 28.0 [24.6–31.5] | 29.6 [26.0–34.0] | 30.6 [26.3–35.8] | <0.0001 |
| BMI Categorized | <0.0001 | |||
| Normal (18.5–24.9kg/m2) | 26.2 (1103) | 18.0 (906) | 17.1 (2138) | |
| Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 1.4 (57) | 1.1 (53) | 1.0 (125) | |
| Overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) | 38.7 (1628) | 33.6 (1692) | 28.8 (3603) | |
| Obese (≥30 kg/m2) | 33.7 (1419) | 47.3 (2379) | 53.0 (6624) | |
| Systemic hypertension | 82.3 (3462) | 86.0 (4327) | 89.8 (11221) | <0.0001 |
| Left heart failure | 4.8 (201) | 6.6 (333) | 15.5 (1939) | <0.0001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 34.1 (1434) | 42.7 (2146) | 67.9 (8478) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes | 33.4 (1405) | 40.6 (2043) | 52.6 (6568) | <0.0001 |
| Coronary Summary | <0.0001 | |||
| Normal | 21.4 (779) | 17.6 (754) | 15.9 (1477) | |
| Non-Obstructive | 33.0 (1200) | 34.5 (1480) | 30.9 (2872) | |
| 1-vessel obstructive | 16.9 (616) | 17.7 (760) | 17.7 (1645) | |
| 2-vessel obstructive | 11.8 (428) | 12.5 (535) | 13.5 (1255) | |
| 3-vessel/LMCA obstructive | 16.3 (593) | 17.2 (739) | 21.6 (2007) | |
| Other | 0.7 (25) | 0.6 (28) | 0.6 (53) | |
| COPD | 23.0 (968) | 30.8 (1548) | 37.9 (4731) | <0.0001 |
| Interstitial lung disease | 0.4 (18) | 0.7 (37) | 0.7 (93) | 0.0840 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 7.3 (307) | 10.2 (513) | 14.9 (1858) | <0.0001 |
| HIV | 0.5 (23) | 0.3 (16) | 0.5 (57) | 0.2390 |
| Sickle cell anemia* | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | 0.1 (8) | |
| Liver cirrhosis | 9.7 (406) | 8.1 (405) | 8.7 (1083) | 0.0242 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 17.6 (742) | 21.2 (1065) | 32.6 (4068) | <0.0001 |
| Connective tissue disease | 4.9 (205) | 4.3 (217) | 3.7 (465) | 0.0031 |
Clinical and hemodynamic data for patients undergoing right heart catheterization between 2007–2012 were accessed from the VA Clinical Assessment Reporting and Tracking Program (N=21,717) and patients were stratified into three groups according to mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) level: referent (≤18 mmHg), borderline PH (19–24 mmHg), and PH (≥25 mmHg). COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; LMCA, left main coronary artery. Data are expressed as % (N) for categorical variables and median [interquartile range] for continuous variables.
A Chi-squared test was not performed in this case due to very low counts of individuals with this diagnosis.