Table 1.
Enzymatic degradation of carbonaceous nanomaterials with sp2 hybridization by in vivo relevant oxidative systems.
| Biological system | Oxidative equivalents | Carbonaceous nanomaterials |
References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Enzymes + H2O2 | |||
| Myeloperoxidase (MPO) |
Compound I, Compound II, |
c-SWCNTs PEG-SWCNTs |
Kagan et al., 2010; Vlasova et al., 2012; |
| HOCl, HOBr | PEG-SWCNTs | Bhattacharya et al., 2014 |
|
| Nitrogen-doped CNT cups |
Zhao et al., 2014 | ||
| Graphene oxide | Kurapati et al., 2015 | ||
| Carbon nanohorns | Zhang et al., 2015 | ||
| Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) |
Compound I, Compound II, |
c-SWCNTs | Andón et al., 2013 |
| HOBr; (low HOCl) | |||
| Lactoperoxidase (LPO) |
Compound I, | c-SWCNTs, PEG-SWCNTs ox-SWCNTs and |
Vlasova et al., 2011, 2012 |
| HOBr, HOSCN | ox-SWCNTs+lung surfactant |
Bhattacharya et al., 2015 | |
| Xanthine oxidase + NO | |||
| (without H2O2) | ONOO | c-SWCNTs | Kagan et al., 2014 |
| Xanthine oxidase | ox-MWCNTs, f-MWCNTs | ||
| Hemoglobin | O2•− + H2O2 → HO• | Sureshbabu et al., 2015 | |
| Tyr-O•, HOO•, HO• | c-SWCNTs, PEG-SWCNTs | ||
| Cytochrome c | Tyr-O•, HO• | Graphene oxide | Vlasova et al., 2011, 2012 |
| Phagolysosomal simulant fluid + H2O2 |
n.d. | ox-SWCNTs, ox- MWCNTs |
the present paper Russier et al., 2010 |
| Murine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid + H2O2 + NaSCN |
LPO, MPO, HOSCN | ox-SWCNTs | Bhattacharya et. al., 2015 |
|
Neutrophil extracellular traps + H2O2 + NaBr |
MPO, HOCl, HOBr | ox-SWCNTs | Farrera et al., 2014 |
|
Human neutrophils + fMLP and cytochalasin B + fMLP and cytochalasin B + serum opsonized zymosan |
MPO, HOCl | c-SWCNTs+IgG PEG-SWCNTs HSA-SWCNTs |
Kagan et al., 2010; |
| Bhattacharya et al., 2014 | |||
| Macrophages: | ROS, ONOO- | Lu et al., 2014 | |
| Human monocyte-derived | c-SWCNTs+IgG | ||
| THP-1 | c-SWCNTs | ||
| THP-1 | MWCNTs-NH2 | Kagan et al., 2010 | |
| RAW 264.7, THP-1 | Carbon nanohorns | Kagan et al., 2014 | |
| Elgrabli et al., 2015 | |||
|
Murine eosnophils + cytochalasin B and PAF |
EPO, HOBr | ox-SWCNTs | Zhang et al., 2015 |
|
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells |
MPO, HOCl | Nitrogen-doped CNT cups |
Andón et al., 2013 |
| Primary microglia | n.d. (ROS, RNS) | ox-MWCNTs, MWCNT- | Zhao et al., 2014 |
| Experimental animals | NH2, | ||
| -Pharyngeal aspiration | ox-MWCNT-NH2 | Bussy et al., 2016 | |
| w/t and MPO k/o mice -Pharyngeal aspiration |
MPO, HOCl | c-SWCNTs | |
| w/t and NADPH-oxidase- deficient mice |
ONOO- | c-SWCNTs | Shvedova et al, 2012 |
| -Stereotactic administration |
Kagan et al, 2014 | ||
| C57BL/6 mice | (ROS) | MWCNT-NH3+ | |
| Nunes et al., 2012 | |||
ROS – reactive oxygen species; RNS – reactive nitrogen species; n.d. – not determined.